Pancreatic Enzymes
A guide to pancreatic enzymes & alpha-gal syndrome (AGS)
Pancreatic Enzymes
Pancreatic enzymes: The enzymes used for replacement of pancreatic function (e.g., pancrealipase) are purified from the pancreas of large mammals. These proteins, and other mammalian-derived enzymes, have been shown to elicit positive skin tests yet have been administered successfully in several patients. Alternatively, we have patients who were not diagnosed with AGS (due to their dietary choices) until beginning pancreatic enzymes, and this mammalian exposure produced symptoms (predominantly pruritus).18
Enzyme replacement: The pancreatic enzymes which are used for replacement in some cases of cystic fibrosis or other causes of pancreatic failure are purified from the pancreas of large mammals. These proteins, and also other mammalian-derived enzymes, have been shown to express α-Gal and have functional activity in basophil activation tests.17
Pancreatic enzymes are derived from mammals and contain alpha-gal.18,95, 96, 97 However, some people with AGS tolerate these products or a subset of them.17,18,95, 96, 97
Pancreatic enzymes that contain mammal-derived ingredients include, but are not limited to (,36,103):17,18
- Viokase
- Pertzye
- Zenpep (Allergan)
- Creon
Pancreatin (Now Foods, Bloomingdale, IL) is an over-the-counter dietary aid (103) that also contains mammal-derived ingredients.
Select publications on pancreatic enzymes and AGS:
- Richards N, Wilson J, Platts-Mills T, Richards R. A Retrospective Review of Alpha-gal Syndrome Complicating the Management of Suspected Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency in One Gastroenterology Clinic in Central Virginia. Frontiers in Gastroenterology. 2023;2. doi:10.3389/fgstr.2023.1162109
- Stone CA Jr, Choudhary S, Patterson MF, et al. Tolerance of porcine pancreatic enzymes despite positive skin testing in alpha-gal allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(5):1728-1732.e1.
- Wilson J, Platts-Mills T, Richards R. S68 Alpha-Gal Syndrome Complicating the Management of Suspected Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency. Official journal of the American College of Gastroenterology | ACG. 2022;117(10S):e49.